Why We Can t Wait By Martin Luther King - 902 Words

Martin Luther King’s work, â€Å"Why We Can’t Wait,† describes the struggles of being an African American in the United States in the 1960s. He opens the book with a brief comparison of two young black children, a boy living in Harlem, New York, and a girl living in Birmingham, Alabama. Both children live in poverty and in a world with limited opportunities. By drawing this comparison, King confirms that racism is a national problem and not only a problem present in the South. King illustrates throughout the book that racism and discrimination not only affects African American families, but also white families. He describes opportunities that both races miss because of discrimination. The missed opportunities include: park closings because of the refusal to abide by a court ruling to have them integrated, baseball teams disbanded instead of letting black players join, and lastly, an orchestra refusing to come to Birmingham to perform for a segregated audience. Tw o very important themes that are illustrated throughout the book are hatred and moving forward. These themes are expressed and examined by King throughout the book and provide insight on the damaging effects of racism and what Americans should do to improve these conditions. Throughout the book King describes the hatred that African Americans endured in the 1960s. King states, â€Å"The newspaper of May 4 carried pictures of prostrate women, and policemen bending over them with raised clubs; of children marching up to theShow MoreRelatedWhy We Can t Wait By Martin Luther King Jr1254 Words   |  6 PagesIn Why We Can’t Wait by Martin Luther King Jr, Martin describes the weather and also implies that the civil rights movement were like the severe weather in 1962-63. He compared the harsh weather with the discrimination that black people were trying to overcome. In addition, black people were facing judgment, unfairness, poverty and lack of education. However, today black peo ple often can get what they want and they come together and fight for their freedom and justice. Martin defines the year betweenRead MoreWhy We Can t Wait By Martin Luther King, Jr.994 Words   |  4 PagesIn the narrative Why We Can’t Wait by Martin Luther King, Jr., published in 1964, King describes the struggles African Americans faced to receive equal rights. During the 1960s the Civil Rights movement was in full swing. The year 1963 is referred to as the beginning of the â€Å"Negro Revolution†. In the introduction of this narrative King compares the lives of two African American children. By using one child from Harlem, New York and one from Birmingham, Alabama, King explains how they faced similarRead MoreWhy We Can t Wait By Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.918 Words   |  4 Pages Why We Can’t Wait, a book by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., gives insight on the matters that occurred in Birmingham, 1963. Relation between the races have progressed since the sixties, but they could be better. This piece of literature should be read by all, if only to get a bet ter understanding of history. Knowledge and ignorance, I feel, are key factors in what make relations between the races either good or bad. MLK gives great insight on the happenings in 1963 Birmingham, as well as the more overseenRead MoreComparing Martin Luther King And Malcolm X917 Words   |  4 Pagescontrast Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X were both civil rights leaders during the 1960s, but had different ideologies on how civil rights should be won. Both men were also deeply religious, but followed different religions and paths. The Great Depression never ended for African Americans; while others enjoyed an economic recovery, Black unemployment rose. Martin Luther King says that economic inequality in America became particularly obvious in 1963 (King, 23).Read MoreEssay Letter From Birmingham Jail1025 Words   |  5 PagesThe â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† written by one of the key figures of the civil rights movement, Martin Luther King Jr., is one of the most powerful and influential writings in american history. The letter was written while he and fellow protestors were being held in custody for protesting in the city of Birmingham, Alabama. King was a very passionate and selfless man. He only had love in his heart for all living beings regardless of their race or religion. He believed in a peaceful way of protestRead MoreThe Letter From Birmingham Jail 1321 Words   |  6 Pagesyou have seen hate-filled policemen curse, kick and even kill your black brothers and sister† (King). Child ren ripped apart from their families, not being able to socialize with certain people, or even go to the local amusement park. It was a hard time to be a colored person, and there was one hope. Martin Luther King, Jr. believed that one day blacks and whites could one day come together peacefully. King tried to do what he believed was right with everything in his will to finally join forces andRead MoreArgumentative Synthesis Letter from Birmingham Jail1535 Words   |  7 Pagesvision such as Rev. Dr. Luther King Jr. Kings letter from Birmingham reflects his opinion that peace and non-violence were vital in achieving desegregation and important human rights for African Americans throughout the nation during the 1960’s. The â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† was an appeal to the general African American population to lay down their weapons and rest their spite filled minds. He uses pleas to emotions, logic and to history in order to portray his vision. King famously pre ached toRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Martin Luther King Jr.1305 Words   |  6 Pagesother minorities in the country. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the most famous civil rights activists that ever lived. In 1963, King delivered a letter he wrote in Birmingham City Jail due to nonviolent resistance participation which was unapproved by a group of white clergymen. In this letter, King addresses these clergymen’s critics about the demonstrations being unwise and untimely, and saying that the participants of such were outsiders coming in. King points out how whites are disturbedRead MoreEssay on Dr. Martin Luther King Jr and The Civil Rights Movement2125 Words   |  9 PagesMartin Luther King jr. was one of the most influential persons of the 20th Century. He is the father of the modern civil rights movement, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., is recognized around the world as a symbol of freedom as well as peace. King practiced everything that he preached, he did not preach or speak values that he himself did not follow. He established himself as a pastor that was not afraid of hard work, guid ing the middle-class congregation to public service. For example, Peake, ThomasRead MoreThe Rhetorical Triangle : Ethos, Pathos, Logos1696 Words   |  7 Pagesability to convince and address his or her audience using three different areas that form the Rhetorical Triangle: Ethos, Pathos, and Logos. The strongest area of the Triangle based off the letter from Birmingham Jail by Martin Luther King Jr in one’s opinion is Pathos. Although King uses all three repeatedly in his letter, Pathos is the most expressed area throughout this letter. Through his use of ethos in the way of fairness yet with authority to his audience, logos through facts and statistic, it

Analysis Of Annette Lareau s Unequal Childhoods Class,...

Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race and Family Life A book review by Luis Villadolid Luis Villadolid LCT375: Global Issues Dr. Dorothy Diehl October 2, 2014 Summary Annette Lareau’s Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race and Family Life seeks to educate and enlighten its readers of the constant and ever presence of poverty and how it drastically affects different individuals of society specifically, the children. Using observations from 2 elementary schools and interviews with parents of twelve target children, Lareau is able to present astonishing data on how social class plays a vital role in the day-to-day life of a person. Lareau further observes the target children in regards to the organization of daily life, language use within the family and environment, and families and institutions. Within these subcategories are specific target families and through the observation of research assistants, the data was presented in the text. The first sub-category Lareau explores is that of the organization of daily life. The target families in this sub-category were the Tallinger family, in which the hectic pace and the complexity of the family calendar were emphasized. The Taylor family, wherein the abundance of free time and significance of siblings and their role in the childrens’ lives. And finally, the Brindle family, wherein the social aspects such as the child s entitlement and opinion, as well as the barrier between children andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Unequal Childhoods1498 Words   |  6 Pages In her book, Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life, Annette Lareau argues out that the influences of people, in addition as race, end in unequal childhoods (Lareau 1). to grasp this, it s necessary to infer from the book and assess the way during which race and people tend to form the lifetime of a family. The manner during which a family lives are often virtually entirely be preset by the pe ople and race of the family. because they demonstrate, every race and people typicallyRead MoreChild Care For Single Mothers2773 Words   |  12 Pages2014). In 1997, the poverty rate among single mothers was 32.6% and for those married couples in was only 5.6%, so as you can see the poverty rate among singe-mothers has increased over the years. Single-mothers are the poorest and fastest growing family type in the United States (London, 2000, p. 93). Recently, attitudes towards single mothers have changed dramatically, and policymakers are being pressed to create reforms that will reduce welfare dependency (Kimmel, 1995, p. 271). Full time work

Stigma of Tattoos in Modern Times Essay - 1906 Words

Modern Times Stigma: As a tattooed person, I can attest that stigma and prejudice are still alive and well in the new millennium, even in a liberal outpost like Massachusetts. Whether its a stare, look, comment or something more serious, like denial of service or hassling from law enforcement, cultural stigma is still a factor for those seeking tattoos. Much of this is clearly rooted in the history of tattooing in the U.S. (see below) but there are other possible sources for these attitudes as well. An interesting article in Skin Art Magazine by Kyle Burkett proposes another possible cultural root to the American and European stigma associated with tattooing that is today being challenged in a broad way. Burkett states that for†¦show more content†¦It is no coincidence that many of these cultures used tattooing. The Greek and Roman view of their own cultural supremacy only served to reinforce the idea that these tattooed cultures were less significant than their own, and thus their views and practices were much easier to denegrate. These associations were also supported to some degree in religious texts. In Judaism, there is actually a Biblical passage specifically prohibiting marks on the body. Leviticus 19:28 states that: Ye shall not make any cuttings on your flesh for the dead, nor print any marks upon you. In all probibility, this passage does not actually refer to tattoos, but it serves only to strengthen the view that tattoos are sacrilegious among Christians and Jews. The intent behind the passage was probably directed at the Jews neighbors, the Arabs, who routinely made marks on their body to show reverence for their own pagan gods, which was considered idolatry. The Jewish view of tattooing- and the Arab view of tattooing, as culturally significant and positive- show not only conflict in an ancient era, but the roots of what would become a longstanding cultural conflict, and basis for discrimination in future centuries, up to this very day. The Impact of the Modern Tattoo Machine: With the advent of the modern tattoo machine the process of tattooing became faster and simpler,Show MoreRelatedWhat Determines The Perception Of Tattoos?1443 Words   |  6 Pages What determines the perception of tattoos? University of Hawaii at Manoa Cole Dante Introduction College students walk amongst each other every day, eyes wandering and constantly comparing each other. Comparing the physical appearances, attire, and how they carry themselves. A main trend that has become popular over the years are tattoos. Tattoos have long been viewed as a part of the deviant culture but that perspective has been evolving where many perspectives are emergingRead More The History of Modern Women and Body Art Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesThe History of Modern Women and Body Art I chose to do this field report on body art because I, personally, find the topic very complex and interesting. It is for this reason that I decided to narrow the scope of my field research. I am focusing this report on the trends and evolution in body art as relating to modern women. When I say modern women I am referring to the women from about the 18th century to the current day. I chose to focus on women imparticular because of the strong societalRead MoreVce Language Analysis Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesTattoos have recently become increasingly popular in youth, due to the hidden meanings and symbolism that they are endowed with. Helen Day’s opinionative blog entry, The Power of Ink, asserts that the significance of tattoos have diminished due to the fashionable aesthetics that tattoos project. A highly casual, yet acknowledging tone characterises her blog entry, which is predominantly catered to young Australian readers who are interested in receiving a tattoo. Accom panying her blog entry is aRead MoreNegative Impact of Tattoos1546 Words   |  7 PagesTattoos have decorated bodies for centuries. From religious beliefs, to punishment, to adornment, tattoos have reflected personal stories for each of the bodies it marks. In the modern era, tattoos have become a form of art in which people use to express their individualities. Although one may consider marking their bodies as a positive form of self expression, tattoos can have lasting negative effects on one’s physical, social, and professional lives. Physically, getting a tattoo involvesRead MoreSociology Behind Tattoos2349 Words   |  10 Pageswhich it is perceived has changed somewhat over the years. But certain stigmas still persists to this contemporary day. One such body modification is the act of inking or marking the skin: Tattooing. Like most body modifications, tattoos are an often misunderstood form of body modification. Despite the stigmas, tattoos have become a unique object of desire to diverse groups of people. But are the popular perceptions of tattoos out of synch with the true meaning behind them? This essay will exploreRead MoreEssay on Body Modifications: Tattoos1942 Words   |  8 PagesBody modifications, with the focus of tattoos, have existed in our society for centuries and the way in which it is perceived has changed somewhat over the years, yet certain dishonors still remain our modern day. Like most body modifications, tattoos are an often misunderstood form of body modification. Despite the st igmas, tattoos have become a unique object of desire to endless diverse groups of people. But are the popular assumptions of tattoos out of sync with the true meaning behind them? FurtherRead MoreTattoos Have Been Popular Throughout Time All Over The World Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesTattoos have been popular throughout time all over the world. Yet, rumors have it that tattoos are a modern day trend that originated in prison. Tattooing actually dates back to five thousand years ago. They have not just become some new pop culture fad. Prehistoric clans, ancient Egyptians, Native Americans, sailors, circus people, royalty, celebrities, and plenty of young adults today have all participated in some form of body art. Tattooing has played a significant role in mythologies and customsRead MoreBody Piercings And Its Impact On Society1665 Words   |  7 Pagespopular in modern culture, it has brought many researchers to the realization that this trend is a tragic insight into an indivi dual’s psyche as well as their physical being and opportunities in the workplace even though it’s seen as a way to express one’s self. Socially and economically, body piercings, among other forms of body modifications, have not only benefited individuals but may also be quickly destroying them. Historically, body piercings have drastically boomed as a trend in modern societyRead MoreGoffman s Theory Of Stigma Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pagesof Erving Goffman’s theory of Stigma. Goffman provides a very powerful analysis of motivation in everyday social interactions. He implements a strong emphasis on the idealized forms of behavior and mannerisms of the pressures on individuals to conform to the given societal expectations. (what does Goffman stigma tell us?) This paper will further offer an exploration of Goffman s ideas and will identify both strengths and weaknesses within Goffman s theory of stigma. To begin, this paper will offerRead MoreDo Tattoos Make A Mark On More Than Just Your Skin?4666 Words   |  19 Pages Do tattoos make a mark on more than just your skin? b Student Number: 26877075 Introduction The fundamental focus of my topic is the discrimination and prejudice experienced by individuals who have tattoos on their body. My hypothesis â€Å"Do tattoos make a mark on more than just your skin?† signifies the growing concern within today’s society towards equality and the elements of fear. This topic was developed from as I recently

Design And Develop The Hip Prosthesis With Cementless...

As mentioned in the first chapter, this research aims to design and develop the hip prosthesis with cementless fixation for specific breeds of dogs. In order to find the solution systematically, several steps need to be taken as follows; 3.1 Data acquisition phase In this phase, it is necessary to study and investigate in depth in order to clarify what are the problems, the root causes and the requirements as well as other obligations. 3.2 Systematic design phase The result of the previous step will be extracted to many concepts for the solution. All possible concepts will be evaluated. The most optimum concept will be chosen as a basic concept for further functional, embodiment and detail design. Thereafter, FEM analysis will be applied†¦show more content†¦The former is requirements which must be met under all circumstances. On the other hand, if any of these requirements are not fulfilled the solution is not acceptable. Wishes are requirements that should be taken into consideration whenever possible. 3.2.2 Conceptual design The conceptual design step involves the establishment of function structures, the search for suitable solution principles and their combination into concept variants. It consists of several states as shown in figure 3.2. Figure 3.1: Checklist for setting up a requirement list [69] Figure 3.2: Steps of conceptual design [69] 3.2.2.1 Abstract to identify the essential problems The requirements (specifications) must be abstracted step by step to identify the essential problems; Step 1: Eliminate personal preferences. Step 2: Omit requirements that have no direct bearing on the function and the essential constraints. Step 3: Transform quantitative data into qualitative data and reduce to essential statements. Step 4: Generalize the results of the previous step. Step 5: Formulate the problem in solution-neutral term. 3.2.2.2 Establishment of function structure In this state, the result of the last state will be converted to functions. In addition, it is possible to indicate an overall function based on the flow of energy, material and signals. Using of a block diagram, they can be expressed the solution neutral relationship between inputs and outputs. Figure 3.3: Symbols

Influence of Motivation on the Performance

Question: Evaluate the influence of motivation on the performance level of the staff. Answer: 1. Introduction 1.1 Background of the Research Motivation accounts for the major factor for every organization. An organization will only grow if there is proper motivation and the willingness to grow in the organization. Employee performance seem to be directly proportional to the employee performance irrespective of managers, employees or staffs. Any type of motivation whether it is rewards or bonus will help in stimulating motivation. In addition, if the employee remains motivated, the organization will be able to achieve the necessary organizational profitability as well as growth (Zameer et al. 2014). Todays organization can simply change their needs, materials as well as goods and services but human resource remains one factor which holds the utmost importance as it cannot be exchanged. In fact, employees and staffs are the only tool that can decide the growth path of the company. The retail organization that work on large workforce needs to focus on different techniques to keep the employee motivated (Ijah 2013). Moreover, there has to be motivation in relation to staffs performance because it will lead to performance of duties and responsibilities. However, this research will depict the importance of motivation and the way it helps in enriching the performance level of the staffs. 1.2 Problem Statement of the Research The problem in achieving desired motivation level is difficult to interpret. However, for conducting this research different factors have been considered such that the different ways implemented in enhancing the motivation level of the staffs. Moreover, there are different problems that arise when there is lack of desired motivation level in staffs. However, an organization needs to be flexible as well as considerate enough for maintain a positive relationship between the staff as well as the organization (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). In addition, the management of the companies implement the research to understand different employee related issues at different level of employee hierarchy. 1.3 Aims and Objectives The aims and objectives of the research is to understand and evaluate the influence of motivation on the performance level of the staff. The basic aims undertaken to highlight employee motivation are: The research will evaluate the different theories that will help in reinforcing employee motivation techniques. The research determines to collect information on employee performance that has been influenced by employee motivation. The research also underlines to study the different methods that could help in providing motivation to the staffs. 1.4 Research Questions The following research questions that can help in analysing the study are: What are the different motivational techniques/methods that will help in enhancing the performance level of staffs in the organization? How the motivational techniques will help in ensuring employee motivation in the staff? 1.5 Research Hypothesis The research hypothesis helps in establishing the link between the independent and the dependent variables. The research hypothesis constructed for the study is given below. Hypothesis 1 H0: Employee motivation does not have any significant influence on the employee performance. H1: Employee motivation have significant influence on the employee performance. Hypothesis 2 H0: The different motivational techniques will not have any impact on enhancing the performance level of staffs in the organization H2: The different motivational techniques will have positive impact on enhancing the performance level of staffs in the organization. Figure: Research Hypothesis Source: (Created by Author) 2. Literature review 2.1 Employee Motivation Motivation are derived with intrinsic factors that help in accomplishing activities and creates a drive to take actions. However, an individual is motivated on basic factors like social, biological, emotional as well as social needs. Nevertheless, employee motivation at workplace is achieved when the employees needs and expectation are fulfilled by the organization. Although, this proves to be challenging but by adopting different techniques and theories employee motivation can be achieved by enhancing skills and knowledge (Asim 2013). 2.1.1 Motivation Theories The three important theories that underlines the research are namely the Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory and Alderfers Three-Party Hierarchy of Needs. 2.1.1.1 Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs The Maslows hierarchy of needs provides a base for the motivation of an individual that can be arranges in five level hierarchy of needs. Figure: Maslows hierarchy of Needs Source: (Lester 2013) Basic Needs The basic needs that creates a driving force causes physiological tension in the bodys behaviour. However, a person tries to fulfil their biological as well as physiological needs that can help the individual to move further. The needs include food, shelter, clothing, sleeping, sex, etc. (Jerome 2013). Safety Needs The safety needs accounts for the stability as well as security that one needs in ensuring dependency. This can be well explained by the employee who wishes to possess job security, promoting safety as well as health security to shelter and protect oneself in the changing business environment (Schunk, Meece and Pintrich 2012). Belongingness Needs These needs highlight the social needs that account for the feelings of love, friendship, care, etc. Ina workplace, these are often established with interaction with co-workers and the managers. This can be prove to be an essential need in promoting team work while striving for organizations goals in a business setting. Esteem Needs These needs are the self-worth needs that provide a base in achieving reputation, prestige as well as glory emphasizing on fame and recognition. However, these needs when applied in a business setting can be achieved by giving respect to juniors as well as seniors which in turn helps in achieving confidence in oneself (Heinrichs Oser and Lovat 2013). Self- Actualization Needs Self-actualization is the last and the highest stage in the Maslows hierarchy of needs where self-development in terms of morality, acceptance of facts, creativity and spontaneity forms of desire to attain a certain goal in ones life (Chintalloo and Mahadeo 2013). 2.1.1.2 Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory The Herzberg theory of motivation is a modified version of Maslows hierarchy of needs. It after considers two factors that are satisfiers as well as dissatisfies. Satisfiers (Intrinsic Factors) The satisfiers that influence the needs of the employees are acquirement, appreciation, job satisfaction, improvement and restraint. However, the last three factors often becomes a challenge for the organization to enhance employees performance level. Dissatisfies (Extrinsic Factors) Dissatisfies comprises of components like supervision, policies and regulations, salary and working conditions. All these features can be the factors that adds to the dissatisfaction to the employees. However, when these facts are eliminated, they bring peace in the employees well-being (Chaudhary and Sharma 2012). 2.1.1.3 Alderfers Three -Party Hierarchy of Needs Clayton Alderfer introduced a substitute to the Maslows hierarchy of needs. This theory demonstrated the satisfaction progression principle based on three categories. Existence This highlight the physiological and safety needs from the Maslows hierarchy of needs that stress on physical comfort and security. Relatedness It is based on social needs where it demands the people to be together with a sense of their being. Growth This is based on the esteem as well as social actualization needs as it incorporates the need of self-determination and achievement (Mangi, Kanasro and Burdi 2015). 2.2 Employee Performance The employee performance deals with the job quality, job productivity and job accomplishment. To survive these three aspects, the employee in the organization needs to survive with all honor and respect so the organization can not only increase the return but also determines the work, ability as well as environment for the employees as well as staffs based on their capabilities (Asim 2013). 2.2.1 Effect of Motivation on Employee Performance The motivation of the employees can be affected by the individuals likes as well as dislikes and the different motivational needs that each employee will possess. Firstly, it is important that all the employees satisfaction is maintained and perform their work with high motivation level to yield greater results for the future. Secondly, there is a need that employees should be involved in the decision-making activities. Thirdly by giving a comfortable and a non-threatening work environment without with flexibility in time and work from home. The employee can remain motivated with proper pay benefits such that the active and satisfies workers can be retained by larger salaries and rewards. Lastly, the company culture should be eco-friendly and positive to increase the motivational levels of the workforce (Chaudhary and Sharma 2012). 2.2.2 Techniques of Employee Motivation Job Rotation Job Rotation is the process in which employees learn different operations in one area for a set period. This implicate for firm learning where the organization receives the knowledge of various quality jobs that matches with the employees. Job Enrichment Job enrichment helps the employees to get more control over tasks (Cummings and Worley 2014). Job Enlargement The job enlargement process involves that the key areas of the job has been expanded such that that the employee who has been involved in the product packaging work, now has to see to the product manufacturing as well. However, this will not only eliminate the repetitiveness of the job but will also increase the responsibility of the employee (Srivastava and Kanpur 2014). 3. Research Methodologies 3.1 Research Philosophy The research philosophy that will be executed in the research will be based on the effectiveness of the research guidelines. The research philosophies that guards the research are realism, positivism, post-positivism and interpretivism. According to Dudovskiy (2016), positivism research philosophy will be followed as the research is guided by the reason and logic that formulates to be the authoritative source such that the variables undertaken are independent of the observer and the human interest tends to be irrelevant because it demonstrates causality. On the other hand, the research is based on hypothesis which will decide the research progress through the value free approach. 3.2 Research Approach The research approach is formulated to discuss the vital part of any research study. However, the research approach carried in this research would be deductive approach as it is based on the validity of the assumptions (theories/ assumptions). Moreover, it is essential to study the causal relationship between the variables so that the validity of the data is ensured through measures of control (Vapnik 2014). 3.3 Research Design The research design that will be formulated in the research will be based on the descriptive research designs because it will be helpful to provide relevant explanation on the primary as well as secondary data (Creswell 2013). Moreover, this design will be feasible to bear the data according to the phenomenon relating to the explanation of the impact of employee motivation on the performance of the staffs. 3.4 Research Strategy The research strategy adapted in the study is based on surveys as the meaningful results will not only incorporate the explanation of the research topic but will also provide the medium for the data collection through questionnaires. However, survey strategy is used to provide the in-depth analysis that minimizes the difficulty of the respondents that will face impending anguish regarding the consent for the topic (Eriksson and Kovalainen 2015). 3.5 Data Collection Techniques The data collection techniques used for the sample will be on the primary data collection as well as secondary data collection method. The primary collection method will incorporate the numerical research based on the the staffs and management of the company whereas the secondary data will be based on the business journals, academic journals, books, newspaper articles, etc. However, this states that the designing of the study will be based on the mixed approach that will have both qualitative as well as quantitative data (Wilson 2014). 3.6 Sampling and Questionnaire The sampling method that will be followed here will be random probability sampling in which a company will be selected from which a total of 100 employees will be chosen based on the demographic variables age, income level and gender. However, the 100 respondents will be asked for the filing up of the specific questionnaire for understanding of the research. 3.7 Data Analysis The data analysis will be carried out through the statistical tool SPSS where all the responses will be fed and different results on different methods will be calculated whether it is regression analysis or cross tabulation (Pallant 2013). By carrying out the result, the results will be received on the two hypothesis which will ensure that employee motivation undermines to be the key essential reason in the performance level of the staffs. Moreover, the basic theory that will underline the research will be of Maslows hierarchy of needs and the techniques that is best used to increase employee motivation other than rewards, pay benefits will be the decision making process through job enrichment technique. 3.8 Ethical Considerations According to Bryman and Bell (2015), the research process is incomplete without ethical considerations such that reliability as well as the validity of the data will be maintained and the dignity of the participants will be prioritised such that the data undertaken will ensure confidentiality of the respondents privacy through full consent. Moreover, none of the participants. 4. Gantt Chart Task Mode Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Auto Scheduled Research Proposal 100 days Tue 3/1/16 Mon 7/18/16 Auto Scheduled Literature Review 35 days Tue 3/1/16 Mon 4/18/16 Auto Scheduled Theories of Emplyee Motivation 15 days Tue 3/1/16 Mon 3/21/16 Auto Scheduled Employee Motivation Impact on Employee Performance 10 days Wed 3/24/16 Tue 4/6/16 3 Auto Scheduled Techniques of Employee Motivation 10 days Tue 4/7/16 Mon 4/20/16 4 5. Conclusion To conclude, it can be said that the research will be carried on the management of a company such that effective results can be formulated. However, the employee motivation is one of the key factors that the organizations are enhancing to keep their employees intact. Nevertheless through adoption various techniques and theories, the organization will be able to maintain its human resource. Therefore, this research had been undertaken under research methodologies to understand the relationship between the variable employee motivation and employee performance that will ultimately help the organisation to achieve the growth and profitability path. Reference List Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Asim, M., 2013. Impact of Motivation on Employee Performance with effect of training: Specific to Education Sector of Pakistan.International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications,3(9), pp.1-9. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015.Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Chaudhary, N. and Sharma, B., 2012. Impact of employee motivation on performance (productivity) in private organization.International Journal of Business Trends and Technology,2(4), pp.29-35. Chintalloo, S. and Mahadeo, J.D., 2013, July. Effect of Motivation on Employees Work Performance at Ireland Blyth Limited. InProceedings of 8th Annual London Busin8ess Research Conference Imperial College, London, UK(pp. 8-9). Creswell, J.W., 2013.Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Dudovskiy, J. 2016.Positivism - Research Methodology. Research Methodology. Eriksson, P. and Kovalainen, A., 2015.Qualitative Methods in Business Research: A Practical Guide to Social Research. Sage. Heinrichs, K., Oser, F. and Lovat, T. eds., 2013.Handbook of moral motivation: theories, models, applications(Vol. 1). Springer Science Business Media. Ijah, A., 2013. The Influence of Motivation on Employees Performance: A Study of Some Selected Firms in Anambra State. Jerome, N., 2013. Application of the Maslows hierarchy of need theory; impacts and implications on organizational culture, human resource and employees performance.International Journal of Business and Management Invention,2(3), pp.39-45. Lester, D., 2013. Measuring Maslow's hierarchy of needs.Psychological reports,113(1). Mangi, A.A., Kanasro, H.A. and Burdi, M.B., 2015. Motivation Tools and Organizational Success: A Critical Analysis of Motivational Theories.The Government-Annual Research Journal of Political Science.,4(4). Pallant, J., 2013.SPSS survival manual. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Rasouli, R., Mooghali, A., Mousavi, M. and Rashidi, M., 2013. Modeling the impact of HRM practices on knowledge workers job satisfaction and intention to stay: re-examining the Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation.World of Sciences Journal,4, pp.31-41. Schunk, D.H., Meece, J.R. and Pintrich, P.R., 2012.Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications. Pearson Higher Ed. Srivastava, S. and Kanpur, R., 2014. A study on quality of work life: key elements Its Implications.IOSR-JBM,16, pp.54-59. Vapnik, V., 2013.The nature of statistical learning theory. Springer Science Business Media. Wilson, J., 2014.Essentials of business research: A guide to doing your research project. Sage. Zameer, H., Ali, S., Nisar, W. and Amir, M., 2014. The impact of the motivation on the employees performance in beverage industry of Pakistan.International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences,4(1), pp.293-298.

The Capital Asset Pricing Model

Question: What is the Capital Asset Pricing Model? Explain. Answer: A portfolio may be defined as a bundle of securities. The whole purpose of modern Portfolio Theory is to explain the benefit of diversification i.e. risk reduction effect of a portfolio. We should not invest our wealth in a single stock. We should invest in a portfolio. Whenever, we combine two or more assets in a portfolio, risk reduction depends upon co-relation. As we move further into the portfolio theory, we will find that- lower the co-relation, greater is the risk reduction. In this theory, we assume that the investors are rational which means that investor love higher return and they hate risk. Investor would therefore like to choose a stock or portfolio with a high expected return and a low risk.(Fama, 2004) However, if the markets are efficient, risk and return go hand in hand. There exists a direct relationship in between risk and return i.e. the more is the amount of return involved, the higher is the risk associated with that stock or portfolio and vice-versa. The direct relationship between the return and risk is depicted in the diagram below, x-axis denotes risk whereas y-axis denotes the amount of expected return, it can be seen in the diagram as the amount of risk is increasing, the amount of expected return is also increasing accordingly.(Bernstein, 1974) The following table also helps to determine the risk and return relationship: Particulars Expected return Risk Stock A 22% 6% Stock B 25% 7% Stock C 28% 8% Stock D 31% 9% As per the Capital Asset Pricing Model, the only relevant measure of stocks risk is Beta. Beta helps to measure the volatility of the stock i.e. it shows the degree of change in the price of the stock (up and down) with the change in the stock market. For example- A stock with a beta of 2.5 would rise by 50% if market rose by 20% and will fall by 50%, if market fell by 20%. Beta helps to therefore determine the relationship in between the risk and the expected return. If the stock price moves exactly in line with the market, then beta of that stock is equal to 1. Capital Asset Pricing Model provides a good account for pricing a firms debt or equity through the use of Beta. Portfolio Beta is a weighted average of the Betas of the stock in the portfolio. Weight of each stock is taken according to its current market value. Fund Managers normally engage in Market timing in the following manner: If Market is expected to fall, fund managers reduces the Beta of its portfolio by shifting from high Beta stock to low Beta stock or to risk free stocks. If Market is expected to rise, fund managers increase the Beta of its portfolio by shifting from low Beta stock to high Beta stock. The central theme of Capital Asset Pricing Model is that the risk can be decomposed into systematic risk and unsystematic risk. Unsystematic risk is diversifiable i.e. it can be killed by diversification. So the only relevant risk is systematic risk which is captured by Beta.(Basu, 1983) Systematic risk is that part of the variance which arises because of the economy wide factors; hence it is also called as market risk.(Mclure, 2014) Following are the assumptions on which The Capital Asset Pricing Model depends on which also forms a part of the fundamental feature of this model, the assumptions are as follows: Category 1: Investor Related Investor are rational Investor have uniform single period investment horizon Investor have homogenous expectation Category 2: Risk Free Rate Related There is unlimited borrowing or lending opportunity at risk free rate. Category 3: Market Related Markets are perfectly competitive i.e. large number of investors, no taxes, no transaction cost, no restriction on short selling and fully divisible securities are available. Under the Capital Asset Pricing Model world, investor invest in the most diversified portfolio i.e. market portfolio and combine that with risk free rate borrowing or lending. In short, all investors lie along the Capital market Line and they enjoy the highest SHARPE Ratio.(Ross, 2012) Asset prices under the Capital Asset Pricing Model are determined by using discounted cash flows, since cash flows are uncertain the required return is risk adjusted return. Systematic risk is measured in terms of Beta i.e. sensitivity with respect to market.(Jr, 1982) A portfolio may be defined as a bundle of securities. The whole purpose of modern Portfolio Theory is to explain the benefit of diversification i.e. risk reduction effect of a portfolio. We should not invest our wealth in a single stock. We should invest in a portfolio. Whenever, we combine two or more assets in a portfolio, risk reduction depends upon co-relation. As we move further into the portfolio theory, we will find that- lower the co-relation, greater is the risk reduction Under the Capital Asset Pricing Model, Expected Return = Risk free rate + (Market return rate Risk free rate)* Beta. Capital Asset Pricing Model is of relevance to the corporate managers because of the following reasons which are as follows:(Perold, 2004) Capital Asset Pricing Model considers only systematic risk thus reflects the reality in which most of the investors have their portfolios diversified, from which there is a total elimination of the unsystematic risk. Capital Asset Pricing Model provides a better approach than the WACC in providing the use of discount rate for the purpose of the appraisal of investment. Capital Asset Pricing Model helps to provide a theoretical relationship in between the return and systematic risk. Capital Asset Pricing Model is a better method for calculation of cost of equity rather than dividend growth model. The academic community is turning away from the Capital Asset pricing Model because of the following reasons which are as follows: Calculation of Beta is not so easy under this model. It is difficult to calculate the specific-project discount rate. Short-term government debt yield is not fixed; it changes with the change in economic circumstances. Category 1: Investor Related Investor are rational Investor have uniform single period investment horizon Investor have homogenous expectation Conclusion The relevance of CAPM thus can be understood with the help of the concept of the decisions of the corporate managers that are taken on the basis of the various risk return concepts and the corporate mangers use rate of return and cost of capital into consideration for the same and the decision is based on the same. This theory helps to find the relevant rates of return for the projects and other fianc related areas.(French, 2004) References Banz, R. (1981). The Relationship between Return and Market Value of Common Stocks. Journal of Financial Economics , 3-18. Basu, S. (1983). The Relationship between Earnings Yield, Market Value and the Return for. Journal of Financial Economics , 126-156. Bernstein, P. L. (1974). Portfolio Management. The Journal of Portfolio Management , 1-3. Fama, E. F. (2004). The Capital Asset Pricing Model: Theory and Evidence. Journal of Economic Perspectives , 25-46. French, E. F. (2004). The Capital Asset Pricing Model: Theory and Evidence. Journal of Economic Perspectives , 25-46. Jr, D. W. (1982). Does the Capital Asset Pricing Model Work. Harvard Business Review , 1-1. Mclure, B. (2014). CApital Asset pricing Model. investopedia , 1-1. Perold, A. F. (2004). The Capital Asset Pricing Model. Journal of Economic Perspectives , 1-18. Ross, S. A. (2012). THE CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL (CAPM), SHORT-SALE RESTRICTIONS AND RELATED ISSUES. The Journal of Finance , 1-4. Fama, Eugene F., and Kenneth R. French. 2004. "The Capital Asset Pricing Model: Theory and Evidence."Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18(3): 25-46.